HEPATITIS B: 50 years after the discovery of Australia Antigen

Ultrasound guidance lowers mastectomy risks

US guidance lowers mastectomy risks

60 YEARS of DOPPLER ULTRASOUND in MEDICINE

Shear-wave elastography aids monitoring of tendinopathy

Shear-wave elastography aids monitoring of tendinopathy

By Erik L. Ridley, AuntMinnie staff writer

 Shear-wave elastography performs better than B-mode and power Doppler ultrasound for evaluating tendinopathy and helping to assess treatment response, German researchers recently reported at the RSNA 2015 meeting in Chicago. Click here to learn more.

HƯỚNG DẪN SIÊU ÂM PHỔI

Ultrasonography Fundamentals In Critical Care: Lung Ultrasound,

http://www.slideshare.net/basselericsoussi/ultrasonography-fundamentals-in-critical-care-lung-ultrasound-pleural-ultrasound-other-potetial-utilities-of-ultrasound

Tutorial 9:  LUNG ULTRASOUND

http://www.criticalecho.com/content/tutorial-9-lung-ultrasound

HOW I DO IT : LUNG US

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/830111

SWE and TENDINOPATHY

Shear-wave elastography aids monitoring of tendinopathy

By Erik L. Ridley, AuntMinnie staff writer

December 15, 2015 -- Shear-wave elastography performs better than B-mode and power Doppler ultrasound for evaluating tendinopathy and helping to assess treatment response, German researchers recently reported at the RSNA 2015 meeting in Chicago.

Not only was shear-wave elastography more sensitive for detecting tendinopathy in a prospective study, but the technique's quantitative data had much higher correlation with clinical examination scores, according to presenter Dr. Timm Dirrichs of University Hospital RWTH Aachen in Aachen, Germany

LIVER ELASTOGRAPHY IN THE PREDICTION OF THE PRESENCE OF HCC

LIVER ELASTOGRAPHY IN THE PREDICTION OF THE PRESENCE OF HCC

Prognosis of patients with chronic liver disease is determined by the extent and progression of liver fibrosis, which may lead to the development of HCC. Liver stiffness is significantly higher in patients with HCC than in patients without HCC. However, most of the studies found that liver stiffness alone is insufficient to predict the presence or absence of HCC and that it should be associated in a score with other markers. A score developed by Wong et al based on liver stiffness, age, serum albumin and hepatitis B virus DNA level was found to have AUROC’s of 0.83 to 0.89 in the identification of the HCC patients and a very good negative (99.4%-100%) for the exclusion of HCC in patients. In the study conducted by Feier et al, LS was significantly higher (42 kPa vs 27 kPa, P < 0.0001) in the HCC group than in the non-HCC group, but other 3 parameters (alanine-aminotransferase, alphafetoprotein and interquartile range of the LSMs) were added to elastography in a score and the resulted model combining the four variables showed a good diagnostic performance in both training and validation groups, with AUROCs of 0.86 and 0.8, respectively. Jung et al has shown that liver stiffness is also useful as a part of a predictive model that identifies patients that are at risk for late recurrence after curative resection of HCC. On multivariate analysis, patients with older age, male sex, heavy alcohol consumption (> 80 g/d), lower serum albumin, HBe antigen positivity and LSM> 8 kPa were at a significantly greater risk of HCC development.

OCCULT HBV I in CHRONIC HCV I

ĐAU CẤP TÍNH VÙNG CHẬU TIỀN MẢN KINH KHÔNG MANG THAI

SIÊU ÂM LÚC MỔ

SMI on Toshiba Aplio 500

Superb Micro-Vascular Imaging (SMI) is an innovative ultrasound Doppler technique developed by Toshiba. SMI offers a unique algorithm that allows visualization of microvasculature with low velocity but without using any contrast agents.

 The advantages of SMI include 
 1) low velocity flow visualization, 
 2) high resolution 
 3) minimal motion artefact, and
 4) high frame rates. The exceptional vessel detection ability allows SMI to be of benefit in the evaluation and treatment of liver diseases. 

SMI has potential in:
 i. Display of minute intra-lesional vasculature
 ii. Evaluating RFA treatment
 iii. Support RFA planning and guiding.

Advanced Applications

Superb Micro-Vascular Imaging (SMI)*

Toshiba's innovative Superb Micro-Vascular Imaging (SMI) technology expands the range of visible blood flow and provides visualization of low velocity microvascular flow never before seen with ultrasound. SMI's level of vascular visualization, combined with high frame rates, advances diagnostic confidence when evaluating lesions, cysts and tumors, improving patient outcomes and experience. Improve Accuracy and Speed with SMI Getting accurate diagnostic information faster is just one reason why Toshiba’s Superb Micro-Vascular Imaging (SMI) is an integral part of operations for our partners at Rex Healthcare.

Watch the Video »

 Patrick Washko

ELASTO + B-MODE US for BREAST CANCER

B I R A D S on 2nd edition

HƯỚNG DẪN SIÊU ÂM KHỚP

Xin giới thiệu trang web này cho các bạn mới thực hành siêu âm cơ xương khớp.

ANKYLOSING SPONDILITIS and ULTRASOUND

THYROID CANCER in JAPAN and ULTRASOUND

Ultrasound shows thyroid cancer spike after Fukushima

By Erik L. Ridley, AuntMinnie staff writer

October 14, 2015 -- Just as many had feared, the disaster at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in March 2011 has sparked a sharp increase in thyroid cancer among children and adolescents in the area, according to a study published online in Epidemiology. And more cases may be lurking.

One particularly hard-hit district in the Fukushima Prefecture saw thyroid cancer rates that were 50 times higher than the national average in Japan among those 18 and younger, reported researchers who participated in a thyroid ultrasound screening program in the three years after the earthquake. Cancer rates throughout the prefecture are 30 times higher than in Japan as a whole.

"The result was unlikely to be fully explained by the screening effect," wrote the research team led by Dr. Toshihide Tsuda, PhD, of Okayama University. "In Chernobyl, excesses of thyroid cancer became more remarkable four or five years after the accident in Belarus and Ukraine, so the observed excess alerts us to prepare for more potential cases within a few years."

Radiation exposure

Following the meltdown of three Fukushima nuclear reactors, approximately 900 petabecquerel of radiation was released into the atmosphere, the radiological equivalent of one-sixth of the 5,200 petabecquerel released by the Chernobyl disaster. Based on its preliminary dose estimation in 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) predicted there would be an increase in thyroid cancers among children who had been exposed to the radiation.

WHO estimated that those in the most affected areas of the prefecture received thyroid-equivalent doses of 100-200 mSv, while those in the rest of the prefecture received 10-100 mSv via inhalation, ingestion, and external exposure from fallout deposits on the ground, according to the researchers (Epidemiology, October 5).

Nearly four years after the accident, the group sought to determine accurate and quantitative estimates from the Fukushima experience to plan for the population's future health needs.

Thyroid ultrasound screening

Under a screening program planned and conducted by the government of the Fukushima Prefecture, all residents 18 years or younger received thyroid ultrasound screening sometime during the 2011-2013 fiscal years. Screening was performed in three areas: in 2011 in the area nearest the disaster, mostly within 50 km of the Fukushima plant; in 2012 in a middle area of the prefecture; and in 2013 in the least-contaminated area.

A second round of screening, which will also include residents born in the prefecture between April 2, 2011, and April 1, 2012, began in April 2014 and is expected to be completed in March 2016.

Those with positive ultrasound findings on screening received a secondary exam, followed by fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy if necessary. Patients with detected cancer cells were followed and operated on at an appropriate time, according to the researchers.

Of the 367,687 residents 18 years or younger in the prefecture in 2011, 298,577 (81%) had received the first round of screening by the end of December 2014. There were 2,251 positive thyroid ultrasound cases by 2014 and 2,067 received a secondary exam.

From these, FNA indicated the presence of 110 thyroid cancers, 87 of which had been operated on by the end of 2014. On histological examination, 86 were confirmed to be malignant, a number that included 83 papillary carcinomas and three poorly differentiated carcinomas.

The researchers compared the prevalence of thyroid cancer for each area by calculating a prevalence odds ratio in comparison with the least-contaminated district of the least-contaminated area of the prefecture. For a comparison with subjects outside of the prefecture, the team calculated incidence rate ratios in comparison with annual incidence rates nationwide in Japan, taking into account the prevalence as well as the latent duration (four years) of the disease.

Thyroid cancer prevalence
Area	Prevalence of thyroid cancer per 1 million people	Prevalence odds ratio compared to least-contaminated district	Incidence odds ratio compared to Japan national rates
Nearest to Fukushima	359	1.5	30
Middle -- not evacuated	402	1.7	33
Least contaminated	332	N/A	28

The researchers noted that the highest incidence odds ratio (50; 95% confidence interval: 25-90) in comparison with the mean Japanese annual incidence of thyroid cancer was found in the middle area's central middle district -- 50 to 60 km west of the power plant -- where residents were not evacuated. That district had a prevalence rate of 605/1,000,000 (95% confidence interval: 302-1,082) and a prevalence odds ratio in comparison with the least-contaminated district of 2.6 (95% confidence interval: 0.99-7.0).

The finding that southernmost districts within the middle and the least-contaminated areas of the prefecture had higher incidence rates than the northernmost districts was consistent with the flow of indium-131 being primarily in a southern direction from the Fukushima release.

2nd round of screening

In the second screening round that began in 2014, 106,068 (49%) of 218,397 total subjects have been screened so far. Of the 71% of exams with a decision as to whether the secondary exam was necessary or not, there were 611 positive studies.

The secondary exam has been performed on 377 subjects (62% of the positive studies), and 262 received a final diagnosis on the secondary exam. FNA was performed on 22 subjects (8%) and detected eight new thyroid cancer cases by cytology as of December 31, 2014. All eight had negative ultrasound findings in their first round of screening.

New data released in May 2015 added two additional thyroid cancer cases from the first round of screening and seven more cases from the second round (for a total of 15). As a result, the incidence ratio so far from the second round of screening is 13.7 (95% confidence interval: 7.7-23).

The authors concluded that within as few as four years after the disaster, there has been an approximately 30-fold increase in thyroid cancer among children and adolescents in the Fukushima Prefecture. As the number of thyroid cancer cases has increased faster than predicted by the WHO, it's possible that the organization's previous exposure estimates for residents were too low, according to the group.

Related Reading

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KIDNEY ULTRASOUND for 2 MONTH INFANTS with U T I

ULTRASOUND in GOUT

SUPERIOR THYROID ARTERY and THYROID TOXICOSIS

THYROID BIOPSY