OBJECTIVE. Pediatric breast masses are relatively rare and
most are benign. Most are either secondary to normal developmental changes or
neoplastic processes with a relatively benign behavior. To fully understand
pediatric breast disease, it is important to have a firm comprehension of
normal development and of the various tumors that can arise. Physical examination
and targeted history (including family history) are key to appropriate patient
management. When indicated, ultrasound is the imaging modality of choice. The
purpose of this article is to review the benign breast conditions that arise as
part of the spectrum of normal breast development, as well as the usually benign
but neoplastic process that may develop within an otherwise normal breast. Rare
primary carcinomas and metastatic lesions to the pediatric breast will also be
addressed. The associated imaging findings will be reviewed, as well as
treatment strategies for clinical management of the pediatric patient with
signs or symptoms of breast disease.
CONCLUSION. The majority of breast abnormalities in the
pediatric patient are benign, but malignancies do occur. Careful attention to
patient presentation, history, and clinical findings will help guide appropriate
imaging and therapeutic decisions.
